Marijuana has been used throughout history in many different cultures to change mood,
perception, and consciousness - in other words, to get high. Its effects range from
increasing creativity to provoking mystical experiences, to heightening the capacity
to feel, sense and share. After alcohol, it is the most popular of what are called
"recreational drugs."
6000 B.C. Cannabis seeds are used for food in China.
Shennong = " Divine Farmer"
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5000 BCE Shennong ploughing
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4000 B.C. Textiles made of hemp are used in China.
Remains have been found of hemp fibers from this period and in Turkestan a century later.
2727 B.C. First recorded use of cannabis as medicine in Chinese pharmacopoeia.
In every part of the world humankind has used cannabis for a wide variety of health problems.
1500 B.C. Cannabis is cultivated in China for food and fiber.
1500 B.C. Scythians cultivate cannabis and use it to weave fine hemp cloth.
1200 - 800 BCE Bhang (dried cannabis leaves, seeds and stems)
is mentioned in the Hindu sacred text Atharva veda (Science of Charms)
as "Sacred Grass", one of the five sacred plants of India.
It is used medicinally and ritually as an offering to Shiva.
Sacred Plants and Trees:
Sacred Plants from Ancient Indian Sanskrit Vedas
It is mentioned of the Kalpavriksha and Chaityavriksha
in the ancient scriptures indicating that the worship of
the tree is indeed an ancient Indian practice. The Ancient
Aryans worshiped nature. Plants, Trees and the other elements
were always revered and several rituals were connected to them.
Tree worship continues to be an element of modern Indian traditions.
There are many trees which are considered Sacred.
Some of the Sacred Trees are as follows :
Ashoka Tree
Ashoka Tree
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Ashoka Tree
Ashoka is one of the most legendary and sacred trees of India,
and one of the most fascinating flowers in the Indian range of flower essences.
It belongs to Caesalpaeniaceae family. It is a very handsome, small, erect evergreen tree,
with deep green foliage and very fragrant, bright orange-yellow flowers, which later turn red.
The flowering season is around April and May. It is found in central and eastern Himalayas
as well as on the west coast of Bombay.Ashoka is a Sanskrit word meaning without grief or
that which gives no grief. Of course, the tree has many other names in local languages as well.
One such name means the tree of love blossoms. The Hindus regard it as sacred, being dedicated
to Kama Deva, God of Love. The tree is a symbol of love. Its beautiful, delicately perfumed flowers
are used in temple decoration. There are also festivals associated with this flower.
Lord Buddha was born under the Ashoka tree, so it is planted in Buddhist monasteries.
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Banyan Tree
Banyan Tree
| Banyan Tree
Like Peepal Tree, the Banyan Tree also symbolizes the Trimurti-Lord Vishnu, Lord Shiva and Lord Brahma.
The tree also symbolizes life and fertility in many Hindu cultures. That is the reason, banyan tree is worshiped by
those who are childless and this tree should never be cut. The tree can grow into a giant tree covering several hectares.
The Great Banyan in the Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, is considered to be the largest tree in the world. Lord Dakshinamurthy,
who is worshiped as the "ultimate guru", is usually depicted beneath a banyan tree. He symbolizes Lord Shiva and is
seen as the the destroyer of ignorance and embodiment of knowledge.
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Bael Tree
Bael Tree
| Bael Tree
In India, Bael tree is considered to be very sacred because it is associated with Lord Shiva.
It is said that Lord Shiva is pleased by offerings of leaves from the Bael Tree, also known as bilva or bel tree.
Thus, the Brahmanas worshiped Lord Shiva by for a period of one fortnight by offering bel leaves and that way
satisfied Lord Shiva greatly. The fruit, flowers and leaves of the tree are all sacred to Shiva. Planting these
trees around home or temple is sanctifying and is equivalent to worshiping a Linga with bilva leaves and water.
The trifoliate leaf or tripatra of the bael tree is believed to symbolize the three functions of the Lord-the creation,
preservation and destruction as well as his three eyes. The offering of the leaves is a compulsory ritual while
worshipping Lord Shiva all over India. The Beal tree is also sacred to the Jains. It is said the 23rd Tirthankara,
Bhagwan Parasnathji attained "Nirvana" enlightenment under a Bael tree. Besides religious significane, almost
all parts of the tree have medicinal qualities Bael is an ingredient in many Ayurvedic and Siddha formulations.
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Bamboo Tree
Bamboo Tree
| Bamboo Tree
The common names of Lord Krishna-Venugopal, Bansilal, Murali and Muralidhar reflect His association
with Bansuri or Venu, His constant companion. Bansuri is actually a flute made of bamboo. That is the reason,
bamboo is revered in India because it is associated with Lord Krishna.
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Banana Tree
Banana Tree
| Banana Tree
Though banana is not a tree but it is considered a tree because of its structure and size.
It is a very sacred tree and all parts of the tree are used for some purpose or the other. For example,
the trunk of banana is used to erect welcoming gates. The leaves are used to make the ceremonial pavilion.
In some pooja, the leaves are used to serve "prashad". Just as leaves of bel tree are customarily offered
to Lord Siva, it is believed that offering of the leaves of banana pleases Lord Ganesa. Banana as a fruit
is offered to Lord Vishnu and Laksmi. Infact, the eleventh day of the bright half of Pausa (December-January)
is considered to be very auspicious to offer banana to Lord Vishnu and Goddess Laxmi and sixth day of the
bright fortnight of Kartika (October-November) is considered auspicious to offer banana to the Sun god.
In some regions, banana tree is worshipped while performing Kadali Vrata or fast. According to tradition,
during Vaisakha, Magha or Kartika sukla caturdasi, a banana tree is planted and nurtured till it bears fruit.
It is said that worshiping the tree with flowers, fruit, etc. will help in the welfare of one's family.
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Bhang Tree( Cannabis )
Bhang Tree
| Bhang Tree
To all Hindus, the Bhang Tree is a very Holy Tree. There are many beliefs associated
with the Bhang Tree. It is believed that a guardian lives in the Bhang leaf. To see in a dream the
plant or water or leaves of Bhang is considered lucky as it brings wealth and prosperity into the
dreamer's power. To meet someone carrying Bhang is a sure sign of success. Bhang is a popular drink
made of the leaves and flowers of the Bhang tree and considered to be a "prashad". It is must for
every devotees to have bhang on Mahashivratri. It is also said that nothing good can come to the
man who treads underfoot the holy Bhang leaf. A longing for Bhang is a sign of happiness.
Since ancient times, Yogis take deep draughts of Bhang so that they can center their thoughts on
the Eternal without any disturbance because bhang has that intoxicating power in it. In fact,
the students of ancient scriptures at Benares are given Bhang before they sit to study. Bhang has
also many medicinal virtues. It is also believed that no god or man is as good as the religious
drinker of Bhang. It is also said that to restrict the use of such a holy and gracious herb as the
hemp or Bhang would cause widespread suffering and annoyance.
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Coconut Tree
Coconut Tree
| Coconut Tree
In Sanskrit, the name for the coconut palm "Kalpa vriksha", which means "the tree which
provides all the necessities of life" or "wish-fulfilling tree". The coconut tree is given a special
place in most Hindu households and great care is taken to nature the tree. In the southern part of India,
it is a must for every household to plant coconut trees. There is a popular saying, "Water the plant
for five years, reap coconuts for life" . The coconut is used for all religious purposes. In fact,
it represents the main "sthapana" of any pooja. The whole pot filled with water, mango leaves and coconut,
also known as "Purnakumbha" is a symbol of Goddess Laksmi or Fortune and the coconut represents divine consciousness.
To break a coconut in the beginning of any event is considered to be very auspicious.
Coconuts are offered in Temples to worship to various Gods and Goddesses.
The fruit is also believed to represent Lord Shiva and the three black marks on the coconut shell, symbolizes his eyes.
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Lotus
Lotus
| Lotus
The Lotus is always considered as an evocative symbol of beauty, purity and divinity
and a highly revered flower by all Hindus. In Hinduism many of the deities are pictured sitting
upon a lotus or holding a lotus flower. Rising up pure and unsullied from the depths of the muddy swamp,
the lotus represents the manifestation of God. The pure white lotus flower is the only plant to fruit
and flower simultaneously. The flower is a symbol of Goddess Laxmi. One of the incarnations of the
Mother-Goddess or Devi and wife of the Hindu god Vishnu, Laxmi is the goddess of fortune and prosperity
as well as the epitome of feminine beauty. According to Hindu mythology she was born radiant and fully
grown from the churning of the sea. Lakshmi is always portrayed as sitting on a lotus flower which is
her traditional symbol. That is why this flower held in high esteem. The Lotus flower has also symbolized
spiritual enlightenment. It is said that the Lotus in Eastern Culture has a similar symbolism to the Rose in Christianity.
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Mango Tree
Mango Tree
| Mango Tree
The mango tree is another sacred tree of the Hindus. The significance of this finds mention in the Ramayana,
Mahabharata and the Puranas. The mango as a fruit is a symbol of love and fertility. The leaf of the tree is used during
most religious and social ceremonies of the Hindus. A "Purnakumbha" is a pot filled with water and topped with fresh mango
leaves and a coconut and considered to be the "staphna" of the puja. The pot symbolizes Mother Earth, water is the life giver,
coconut the divine consciousness and the mango leaves symbolizes life. The whole "Purnakumbha" is symbolizes Goddess Lakshmi
and good fortune. On various auspicious occasions, mango leaves are used to adorn entrances at home to signify good fortune.
Mango blossoms are used on Basant Panchami day in the worship of Goddess Saraswasti. The tree is also sacred to the Buddhists
because it is believed that Lord Buddha performed during his lifetime the instantaneous creation of a large mango tree from the
seed at a place called Shravasti .
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Neem Tree
Neem Tree
| Neem Tree
It is said that on the first day of Chaitra, after Amavasya, it is very essential to worship the neem and eat its leaves,
mixed with pepper and sugar, as a safeguard from fever. The neem tree besides having various medicinal benefits is a highly revered tree
among the Hindus because it is a manifestation of "Goddess Durga" or "Maa Kali". That is why the tree is sometimes referred to as Neemari Devi.
The Tree is worshiped very intensely. Tamil Ladies, while worshiping Maa kali dress in red, carry branches of the Neem tree,
and dance in public places swishing the branches as an act of exorcism and to purify the world. The multi-headed occult goddess
Yellamma (a highly revered goddess in south Indiai) sometimes assumes the appearance of a young neem tree. Young maidens worship
this Goddess by cladding themselves all over in neem branches. In Bengal, neem is considered to be the tree which is the abode
of "Sitala" (the great Pox-mother who can cause or cure disease). The customary treatment of pox is therefore to rub the body
with neem leaves while making prayers to Sitala. It is also said that the smoke of burning neem protects both the living and
the dead from evil spirits.
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Peepal Tree( Bodhi Tree )
Peepal Tree
| Peepal Tree
Peepal Tree also known as "Ashvattha" in Sanskrit, is a very large tree and the first-known depicted tree in India.
A seal discovered at Mohenjodaro, one of the cities of the Indus Valley Civilization depicts the peepal being worshiped.
According to the Brahma Purana and the Padma Purana, when the demons defeated the gods, Lord Vishnu hid himself in the
Peepal Tree and that is why it is believed that the Peepal Tree is a symbol of Vishnu and is worshiped since a long period of time.
There is another belief that the tree represents the Trimurti-the roots being Brahma, the trunk Vishnu and the leaves Shiva.
Some says that Lord Krishna is believed to have died under this tree, after which the present Kali Yuga started.
According to another belief, Goddess Lakshmi also inhabited the tree, specially on Saturday and hence it is considered
auspicious to worship it. Infact women worship the tree to bless them with a son tying red thread or red cloth around
its trunk or on its branches. According to the Skanda Purana, to cut down a peepal tree is considered a sin.
Even Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment under the peepal tree and the peepal is also sacred to Buddhist.
Hence it is also called the Bodhi tree or "tree of enlightenment".
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Red Sandalwood Tree( Chandan )
Red Sandalwood Tree
| Red Sandalwood Tree
Besides being used in fragrance industry, fine woodworking and aromatherapy, Sandalwood is commonly
used for incense and religious ceremonies. The Red Sandalwood Tree is considered to be a very sacred tree and is
like a sage among many people. It is said that all other trees are considered ordinary trees and are like ignorant
men in front of a Red Sandal wood. Popularly known as Chandan, Sandalwood has an extraordinary fragrance.
Sandalwood paste is used in all religious rituals. The paste is smeared on the foreheads of devotees of Vishnu
and Shiva and it is said that the sandalwood paste is meant to cool and protect the "Agna chakra" present between
the eyebrows. In India, the death pyre is made using sandalwood branches for centuries. According to legend,
Lord Ganesha was created by Goddess Parvati out of sandalwood paste that she used for her bath and breathed life
into the figure. According to Indian mythology, sandalwood tree is depicted as being entwined with serpents.
Sandalwood remains cool and aromatic even when the poisonous serpent coils around it. This also has another
meaning that the basic nature of an individual cannot change because of outer effects.
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Sandalwood Tree
Sandalwood Tree
| Sandalwood Tree
Sandal wood, its paste and oil are important in worship of gods. The Sandal tree is highly
regarded in the Vedic texts, and the heartwood is considered to be sacred. It is said that chandana, or
Indra's Sandalwood tree, scents the whole of paradise with its fragrance. Sandalwood is considered the
epitome of excellence, imparting fragrance even to the axe that cuts it. For this reason anything that
is excellent is referred to as chandana. It is used in sacred ceremonies and to purify holy places.
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Tulsi
Tulsi
| Tulsi
Tulsi is always associated with purity and a highly revered and used for all religious purposes
among the Hindus. It is considered very auspicious to have a Tulsi plant in the front courtyard of many Hindu
households. Tulsi beads can always be seen around the necks of serious yogis and mystics in India, worn to purifying
the mind, emotions and body. Dispelling the unwanted influences of others, gross and subtle, is one of the many benefits
bestowed by Tulsi plant and hence worshipped by all. Tulsi plants are also prized in Ayurveda, where they are considered
an integral part of that sophisticated healing system. In practically every temple in India, no puja can be started without
few Tulsi leaves. There is always a special place reserved for this sacred plant. The qualities and amazing powers of this
plant are found throughout the oldest writings on Earth, the Sanskrit Vedas of ancient India, where it is stated that simply
touching the wood is purifying at many levels. Tulsi plant is most loved by Lord Vishnu and Vrinda Devi, the Goddess ruling
Tulsi is known as the personification of bhakti or devotion to the Supreme Being.
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700 - 600 BCE The Zoroastrian Zend-Avesta, an ancient Persian religious text of several hundred volumes,
and said to have been written by Zarathustra (Zoroaster), refers to bhang as Zoroaster's "good narcotic"
(Vendidad or The Law Against Demons)
700 - 300px BCE Scythian tribes leave Cannabis seeds as offerings in royal tombs.
500 B.C. Scythian couple die and are buried with two small tents covering censers.
Attached to one tent stick was a decorated leather pouch containing wild Cannabis seeds.
This closely matches the stories told by Herodotus. The gravesite, discovered in the late 1940s,
was in Pazryk, northwest of the Tien Shan Mountains in modern-day Khazakstan.
500 B.C. Hemp is introduced into Northern Europe by the Scythians.
An urn containing leaves and seeds of the Cannabis plant, unearthed near Berlin, is dated to about this time.
500 - 100 BCE Hemp spreads throughout northern Europe.
430 B.C. Herodotus reports on both ritual and recreation use of Cannabis by the Scythians
(Herodotus The Histories 430 B.C. trans. G. Rawlinson).
Herodotus
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Scythians
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100 - 0 BCE The psychotropic properties of Cannabis are mentioned in the newly compiled herbal
Pen Ts'ao Ching which is attributed to an emperor c. 2700 B.C.
0 - 100 A.D. Construction of Samartian gold and glass paste stash box for storing hashish,
coriander, or salt, buried in Siberian tomb.
70 Dioscorides mentions the use of Cannabis as a Roman medicament.
170 Galen (Roman) alludes to the psychoactivity of Cannabis seed confections.
500 - 600 The Jewish Talmud mentions the euphoriant properties of Cannabis.
900 - 1000 Scholars debate the pros and cons of eating hashish. Use spreads throughout Arabia.
Hashish
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Arabian Nights Hashish Harem
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1090 - 1256 In Khorasan, Persia, Hasan ibn al-Sabbah, the Old Man of the Mountain, recruits
followers to commit assassinations...legends develop around their supposed use of hashish.
These legends are some of the earliest written tales of the discovery of the inebriating powers
of Cannabis and the supposed use of Hashish. 1256 Alamut falls
Early 12th Century Hashish smoking very popular throughout the Middle East.
12th Century Cannabis is introduced in Egypt during the reign of the Ayyubid dynasty on the
occasion of the flooding of Egypt by mystic devotees coming from Syria. (M.K. Hussein 1957 - Soueif 1972)
1155 - 1221 Persian legend of the Sufi master Sheik Haidar's of Khorasan's personal discovery of Cannabis
and it's subsequent spread to Iraq, Bahrain, Egypt and Syria. Another of the ealiest written narratives
of the use of Cannabis as an inebriant.
13th Century The oldest monograph on hashish, Zahr al-'arish fi tahrim al-hashish, was written. It has since been lost.
13th Century Ibn al-Baytar of Spain provides a description of psychaoctive Cannabis.
Ibn al-Baytar of Spain
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Islamic Spain Pharmacology
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13th Century Arab traders bring Cannabis to the Mozambique coast of Africa.
1231 Hashish introduced to Iraq in the reign of Caliph Mustansir.
1271 - 1295 Journeys of Marco Polo in which he gives second-hand reports of the story of Hasan ibn al-Sabbah
and his "assassins" using hashish. First time reports of Cannabis have been brought to the attention of Europe.
1378 Ottoman Emir Soudoun Scheikhouni issues one of the first edicts against the eating of hashish.
1526 Babur Nama, first emperor and founder of Mughal Empire learned of hashish in Afghanistan.
1549 Angolan slaves brought cannabis with them to the sugar plantations of northeastern Brazil.
They were permitted to plant their cannabis between rows of cane, and to smoke it between harvests.
mid 16th Century The epic poem, Benk u Bode, by the poet Mohammed Ebn Soleiman Foruli of Baghdad,
deals allegorically with a dialectical battle between wine and hashish.
7th Century Use of hashish, alcohol, and opium spreads among the population of occupied Constantinople
Opium Poppy Field
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Opium Poppy Plant
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1606-1632 French and British cultivate Cannabis for hemp at their colonies in Port Royal
(1606), Virginia (1611), and Plymouth (1632).
Late 17th Century Hashish becomes a major trade item between Central Asia and South Asia.
1798 Napoleon discovers that much of the Egyptian lower class habitually uses hashish.
He declares a total prohibition. However, soldiers returning to France bring the tradition with them.
19th Century Hashish production expands from Russian Turkestan into Yarkand in Chinese Turkestan.
1809 Antoine Sylvestre de Sacy, a leading Arabist, reveals the etymology of the words "assassin" and "hashishin".
1840 In America, medicinal preparations with a Cannabis base are available. Hashish available in Persian pharmacies.
Bottle of Cannabis Indica
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1840s Heydey of the Club des Hachichins in Paris.
1843 Le Club des Hachichins, or Hashish Eater's Club, established in Paris. after 1850 Hashish appears in Greece.
1860 British Empire taxes ganja and charas trade in India.
1870 - 1880 First reports of hashish smoking appear on Greek mainland.
c. 1875 Cultivation for hashish is introduced to Greece.
1877 Kerr reports on Indian ganja and charas trade.
Charas Marijuana Buds
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Indian Charas
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1890 Greek Department of Interior prohibits importance, cultivation and use of hashish.
1890 Hashish is made illegal in Turkey.
1893 - 1894 The India Hemp Drugs Commission Report is issued.
1893 - 1894 70,000 to 80,000 kg of hashish legally imported into India from Central Asia each year.
1906 Pure Food and Drug Act is passed, regulating the labelling of products containing Alcohol,
Opiates, Cocaine, and Cannabis, among others. The law went into effect Jan 1, 1907
Cocaine Toothpaste
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1906 Cocaine in Coke
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Early 20th Century Hashish smoking very popular throughout the Middle East.
1915 - 1927 Cannabis begins to be prohibited for non-medical use in the U.S.,
California (1915), Texas (1919), Louisiana (1924), and New York (1927).
1920 Metaxus dictators in Greece crack down on hashish smoking.
1920s Hashish is smuggled into Egypt from Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, and Central Asia.
1926 Lebanese hashish production peaks after World War I until prohibited in 1926.
1928 Recreational use of Cannabis is banned in Britain.
1920s - 1930s High-quality hashish produced in Turkey near Greek border.
1930 Yarkand region of Chinese Turkestan exports 91,471 kg of hashish legally
into the Northwest Frontier and Punjab regions of India.
1930s Legal taxed imports of hashish continue into India from Central Asia.
1934 - 1935 Chinese government moves to end all Cannabis cultivation in Yarkand and charas traffic from Yarkand.
Both licit and illicit hashish production become illegal in Chinese Turkestan.
1936 Propaganda film "Reefer Madness" made to scare American youth away from using Cannabis.
1937 Cannabis made federally illegal in the U.S. with the passage of the Marihuana Tax Act.
American Medical Association Opposes the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
American Medical Association
Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation
Chicago, July 10, 1937
Hon. Pat Harrison
Chairman, Committee on Finance, United States Senate
Washington D.C.
SIR:
I have been instructed by the board of trustees of the American Medical Association
to protest on behalf of the association against the enactment in its present form of so much of H.R.
6906 as relates to the medicinal use of cannabis and its preparations and derivatives. The act is entitled
"An Act to impose an occupational excise tax upon certain dealers in marihuana, to impose a transfer tax
upon certain dealings in marihuana, and to safeguard the revenue therefrom by registry and recording."
Cannabis and its preparations and derivatives are covered in the bill by the term "marihuana" as that term
is defined in section 1, paragraph (b). There is no evidence, however, that the medicinal use of these drugs
has caused or is causing cannabis addiction. As remedial agents, they are used to an inconsiderable extent,
and the obvious purpose and effect of this bill is to impose so many restrictions on their use as to prevent
such use altogether. Since the medicinal use of cannabis has not caused and is not causing addiction, the
prevention of the use of the drug for medicinal purposes can accomplish no good end whatsoever. How far it
may serve to deprive the public of the benefits of a drug that on further research may prove to be of substantial
value, it is impossible to foresee.
The American Medical Association has no objection to any reasonable regulation of the medicinal use of cannabis
and its preparations and derivatives. It does protest, however, against being called upon to pay a special tax,
to use special order forms in order to procure the drug, to keep special records concerning its professional use
and to make special returns to the Treasury Department officials, as a condition precedent to the use of cannabis
in the practice of medicine. in the several States, all separate and apart from the taxes, order forms, records,
and reports required under the Harrison Narcotics Act with reference to opium and coca leaves and their preparations
and derivatives.
If the medicinal use of cannabis calls for Federal legal regulation further than the legal regulation that now exists,
the drug can without difficulty be covered under the provisions of the Harrison Narcotics Act by a suitable amendment.
By such a procedure the professional use of cannabis may readily be controlled as effectively as are the professional
uses of opium and coca leaves, with less interference with professional practice and less cost and labor on the part of
the Treasury Department.
It has been suggested that the inclusion of cannabis into the Harrison Narcotics Act would jeopardize the constitutionality
of that act, but that suggestion has been supported by no specific statements of its legal basis or citations of legal authorities.
Wm. C. Woodward,
Legislative Counsel
Whereupon at 11:37 AM Monday, July 12, 1937, the subcommittee adjourned.
End
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Cannabis Extract in Tincture
RARE 1941 Cannabis Bottle
USA MARIHUANA TAX STAMP
1946 Marijuana Tax Stamp
Marijuana Farmer 1937
First Conviction Under Marijuana Tax Law
Weed Hell Propaganda
Marihuana Hysteria
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1938 Supply of hashish from chinese Turkestan nearly ceases.
1940s Greek hashish smoking tradition fades.
1941 Indian government considers cultivation in Kashmir to fill void of hashish from Chinese Turkestan.
1941 - 1942 Hand-rubbed charas from Nepal is choicest hashish in India during World War II.
1945 Legal hashish consumption continues in India.
1945 - 1955 Hashish use in Greece flourishes again.
1950s Hashish is smuggled into India from Chinese Central Asia.
1950s Moroccan government tacitly allows kif cultivation in Rif Mountains.
1962 Beginning of hashish production for export from Morocco.
1963 Turkish police seize 2.5 tons of hashish.
1965 First reports of C. afghanica use for hashish production in northern Afghanistan.
1965 Mustafa comes to Ketama in Morocco to make hashish from local kif.
1966 The Moroccan government attempts to purge kif growers from Rif Mountains.
1967 "Smash", the first hashish oil appears. Red Lebanese reaches California.
Late 1960s - Early 1970s The Brotherhood popularizes Afghani hashish.
1970 - 1973 Huge fields of Cannabis cultivated for hashish production in Afghanistan.
The last years that truly great Afghani hashish is available for export.
1972 The Nixon-appointed Shafer Commission urged that the use of cannabis be re-legalized,
but their recommendations are ignored. However, Medical marijuana research still continues at this time.
Richard Nixon
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Raymond Shafer (1972)
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Early 1970s Lebanese red and blonde hashish of very high-quality exported.
The highest quality Turkish hashish from Gaziantep near Syria appears in western Europe.
Early 1970s Afghani hashish varieties introduced to North America for sinsemilla production.
Westerners bring metal sieve cloths to Afghanistan. Law enforcement efforts against hashish begin in Afghanistan
1973 Nepal bans the Cannabis shops and charas (hand-rolled hash) export.
1973 Afghan government makes hashish production and sales illegal. Afghani harvest is very small.
1975 FDA establishes Compassionate Use program for medical marijuana.
1976 - 1977 Quality of Lebanese hashish reaches zenith as American Collages are flooded with hash.
1978 Westerners make sieved hashish in Nepal from wild Cannabis.
Late 1970s Increasing manufacture of "modern" Afghani hashish.
Cannabis varieties from Afghanistan imported into Kashmir for sieved hashish production.
1980s Morocco becomes one of, if not the largest, hashish producing and exporting nations.
1980s "Border" hashish produced in northwestern Pakistan along the Afghan border to avoid Soviet-Afghan war.
Early 1980s Quality of Lebanese hashish declines.
1983 - 1984 Small amounts of the last high-quality Turkish hashish appear.
1985 Hashish is still produced by Muslims of Kashgar and Yarkland in North West China.
1986 Most private stashes of pre-war Afghani hashish in Amsterdam, Goa, and America are nearly finished.
May 13, 1986 Dronabinol is placed into Schedule II by the DEA.
Dronabinol
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THC
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1987 Moroccan government cracks down upon Cannabis cultivation in lower eleations of Rif Mountains.
1988 DEA administrative law Judge Francis Young finds after thorough hearings that marijuana
has clearly established medical use and should be reclassified as a prescriptive drug.
His recommendation is ignored.
1993 Cannabis eradication efforts resume in Morocco.
1994 Heavy fighting between rival Muslim clans continues to upset hashish trade in Afghanistan.
1994 Border hashish is still produced in Pakistan.
1995 Introduction of hashish-making equipment and appearance of locally produced hashish in Amsterdam coffee shops.
Amsterdam Coffee Shop
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Amsterdam Coffee Shop
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Amsterdam Coffee Shop
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Amsterdam Coffee Shop
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Oct 23, 2001 Britain's Home Secretary, David Blunkett, proposes relaxing the classification of cannabis from a class B to class C.
June 2003 Canada is first country in the world to offer medical marijuana to its patients.
A View on United States Presidents Drug Use: Tobacco, Alcohol, Cocaine, Marijuana
President Bill and Senator Hillary Clinton in Younger Years
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Presidents George H. W.and George W. Bush fighting Terror and Tommy Chong
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President Obama's Nicotine Addiction
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